Bigenda bite iyo udafite umwuka usohora lisansi muri tanki yawe?

Waba ucunga ikigega cy’ibikomoka kuri peteroli cyo mu mazi, moteri ya mazutu, cyangwa sisitemu y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli yo mu modoka, uburyo bwo guhumeka neza mu kigega cy’ibikomoka kuri peteroli ni ibirenze imiterere y’ibicuruzwa gusa - ni ikintu cy’ingenzi mu mutekano gituma habaho imikorere myiza kandi bikarinda impanuka zishobora guterwa n’ibintu.

Igihe cyose lisansi yongewemo cyangwa ikoreshwa, ingano y'umwuka uri muri tanki irahinduka. Iyo hatabayeho uburyo bukwiye bwo guhumeka umwuka kugira ngo umwuka winjire kandi usohoke, sisitemu iba ifite umuvuduko cyangwa ifunze neza - byombi bishobora gutuma moteri inanirwa gukora, kwangirika kw'ikigega, lisansi irenga, cyangwa ndetse no guturika.

1. Gufunga imashini ikoresha umwuka (vacuum lock) no kubura lisansi

Uko lisansi iva muri tanki ijya muri moteri, umwuka ugomba gusimbuza ingano yatakaye kugira ngo ungane umuvuduko w'imbere. Iyo nta mwobo uhari, imashini ifunga umwuka iba muri tanki. Ibi bituma habaho ubudahangarwa ku muvuduko wa lisansi, bigatera:

• ①Gutinda kwa moteri

• ②Guhagarara munsi y'umutwaro

• ③Gutangira bigoye

• ④Mu bihe bikomeye, gutanga lisansi byananiwe burundu

Ibi bizwi nka vacuum lock, aho umuvuduko mubi muri tanki ubuza lisansi kugera kuri moteri - nubwo tanki ishobora kuba igifite lisansi.

2. Kwiyongera k'umuvuduko n'ibyangiritse mu nyubako

Mu bidukikije bishyushye cyangwa mu gihe cyo gutanga lisansi vuba, umwuka w’ibikomoka kuri peteroli uragwira. Iyo hatabayeho umwuka wo kugabanya uyu muvuduko, imbaraga z’imbere zitangira gukora ku nkuta z’ikigega. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibi bishobora gutera:

• ①Guturika cyangwa guhinduka kw'ikigega cy'amazi (cyane cyane mu bigega bya pulasitiki)

• ②Kubura kw'umushono cyangwa kwangirika mu bigega by'icyuma

• ③Ingaruka zo kubura cyangwa gucika kw'ibikomoka kuri peteroli ziyongera

Ikigega cya lisansi gifunze gihinduka ikintu gishyushye — kandi iyo uwo muvuduko urenze urugero rw'imiterere, gishobora guturika cyangwa gucikamo kabiri, cyane cyane iyo izuba riri ku zuba cyangwa hafi y'aho ubushyuhe buturuka.

3. Kuzura no gusenyuka mu gihe cyo kongeramo lisansi

Ibigega bya lisansi bidafunguye neza bituma umwuka ufunga mu gihe cyo kongeramo lisansi. Iyo lisansi yinjiye, umwuka ufunze ntuba ugifite aho uhungira. Ibi bitera:

• ①Gukoresha lisansi mu gusohora lisansi

• ②Irasesekara cyane ku ijosi ryuzuye

• ③Gushyiramo lisansi mu buryo butuzuye cyangwa gushyiramo lisansi buhoro buhoro

Ku birebana n'ibikorwa byo mu mazi, ibi bishobora guteza akaga gakomeye bitewe n'ibyago byo kwanduzwa n'ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu mazi cyangwa mu nkongi z'umuriro.

4. Umusaruro mubi wa moteri

Iyo urujya n'uruza rw'amavuta rudahuye bitewe n'ibibazo byo guhumeka, imikorere ya moteri iragabanuka cyane. Bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara birimo:

• ①Guhagarara mu buryo butangana

• ②Ingufu zigabanuka mu gihe cyo kwihutisha

• ③Guhagarara by'igihe gito

• ④Kurakara nabi

Ibi bibazo akenshi bikunze kwibeshya ko ari ukunanirwa kwa pompe ya lisansi cyangwa injector, bigatera gusana bihenze kandi bitari ngombwa - mu gihe ikibazo nyacyo ari umwobo w'ikigega cya lisansi wafunzwe cyangwa ubuze.

5. Kwiyongera k'umwuka w'ibikomoka kuri lisansi n'ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije

Amabwiriza agezweho yo gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere asaba ko umwuka usohoka ugenzurwa, akenshi unyuze mu tumashini tw’umwuka dukoresha amakara (mu modoka) cyangwa imipfundikizo ifite uturinda umuriro (mu bigega byo mu mazi). Sisitemu idafite umwuka:

• ①Byongera ubwinshi bw'umwuka w'ibikomoka kuri lisansi mu kigega

• ②Byongera ibyago byo gutwika

• ③Bishobora kunyuranya n'amahame agenga iyubahirizwa ry'ibidukikije

Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu nganda no mu turere dufite amategeko akaze agenga ibyuka bihumanya ikirere (VOC).

Ingaruka nyazo zo guhumeka nabi mu buryo butunguranye

• ①Ubwato buhagaze hagati mu nyanja kubera ifunga ry'amazi

• ②Ikigega cya lisansi cyaguye mu bubiko bw'ubutaka

• ③Kubura kwa moteri ya mazutu mu gihe cyo gukenera cyane

• ④Ibirego by'ubwishingizi byanzwe kubera uburyo bwo gusohora imyobo butujuje ibisabwa

Impungenge ziterwa n'imyobo y'amazi zikunze kwirengagizwa kugeza igihe habayeho kwangirika gukomeye.

Uburyo bwiza: Uburyo bwo kugenzura ko imodoka zikoresha lisansi zihumeka neza

1. ① Shyiramo valve cyangwa umupfundikizo w'umwuka wabugenewe ujyanye n'ubwoko bwa lisansi yawe n'ingano y'ikigega cyawe

2. ②Suzuma kandi usukure imiyoboro y'amazi buri gihe, cyane cyane iyo ukorera ahantu hari ivumbi, mu mazi, cyangwa ahantu hashyuha cyane

3. ③ Koresha ibikoresho bihagarika umuriro cyangwa valve zo kuzenguruka kugira ngo ugire umutekano mu buryo bugendanwa cyangwa mu mazi

4. ④Menya neza ko sisitemu zose zubahiriza amabwiriza y’umutekano n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere byo mu gace zikoreramo (urugero, EPA, ISO, CE, USCG)