Kuki amato afite valve zo mu mazi

Ibyuma byo mu mazi ni ingenzi mu bikorwa remezo by'ubwato, bigamije gucunga urujya n'uruza rw'amazi yo mu nyanja yinjira n'asohoka mu buryo butandukanye buri mu bwato. Inshingano zabyo z'ingenzi zituma ubwato bukora neza kandi mu mutekano mu gihe buri mu bwato. Hasi aha, turasuzuma impamvu amato afite ibyuma byo mu mazi n'inshingano z'ingenzi bigira.

1. Gukoresha amazi mu bikorwa by'ingenzi

Amato yishingikiriza ku mazi yo mu nyanja kugira ngo akore porogaramu nyinshi ziri mu bwato, harimo moteri zikonjesha, porogaramu zikoresha ibyuma bikingira umuriro, n'ibikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro. Amavali yo mu mazi agenzura uburyo amazi yo mu nyanja yinjira muri ubwo buryo, bigatuma amazi agenzurwa kandi akoreshwa neza. Urugero:

• Uburyo bwo gukonjesha: Moteri n'izindi mashini zikenera amazi yo mu nyanja kugira ngo zigabanye ubushyuhe kandi zigumane ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukora.
• Sisitemu zo Gutemba: Amazi yo mu nyanja ashyirwa mu bigega bya ballast binyuze mu mavali yo mu nyanja kugira ngo agumane ubusugire mu gihe cy'imizigo itandukanye.
• Uburyo bwo kuzimya inkongi: Pompe nyinshi zo mu mazi zikura amazi mu nyanja, kandi ibyuma byo mu nyanja bigenzura iki gikorwa.

2. Gusohora amazi yanduye n'imiyoboro y'amazi mu bwato

Amavali yo mu mazi yemerera amazi yanduye yavuwe, amazi menshi, cyangwa amazi arenze urugero gusohoka mu mazi mu buryo bwizewe. Afite ubushobozi bwo kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije, kandi agenzura ko imyanda icungwa neza. Ingero zirimo:

• Sisitemu zo mu bwato: Amazi arenze urugero yirundanya mu bwato anyuzwa mu bwato binyuze mu buryo bwo gusohora amazi bucungwa n'ibyuma bifunga amazi byo mu mazi.
• Amazi akonjesha: Nyuma yo kuzenguruka mu buryo bukonjesha, amazi yo mu nyanja asubizwa mu nyanja.

3. Uburyo bwo Guteza Imbere Ubutabazi n'Umutekano

Ibyuma byo mu mazi ni ingenzi mu buryo bw'umutekano w'ubwato, cyane cyane mu bihe byihutirwa. Bituma amazi asohoka vuba cyangwa agahita ajyanwa ahandi, bigabanya kwangirika.

• Gukumira umwuzure: Mu gihe igice cy'ubwato cyangiritse, hari uburyo bwo gufunga amazi mu nyanja bushobora gukuraho ibice byangiritse, bigatuma amazi adakomeza kwiyongera.
• Valves z'inkubi y'umuyaga: Valves zo mu nyanja zihariye, nk'ivalves z'inkubi y'umuyaga, zirinda amazi gusubira inyuma no kwinjira mu gihe cy'inyanja ikaze.

4. Kurwanya ingese no kwizerana mu bidukikije bikomeye

Bitewe n’uko zihura n’amazi y’umunyu n’imimerere ikabije, valve za narine zikorwa mu bikoresho birwanya ingese nka bronze, icyuma kidashonga, cyangwa alloys zabugenewe. Imiterere yazo ituma zigumana icyizere igihe kirekire, bikagabanya ibyo zikenera mu kubungabunga no kongera igihe cyo kubaho cy’amato.

5. Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga ibidukikije n'amategeko agenga ibidukikije

Amabati agezweho yo mu mazi yagenewe kubahiriza amabwiriza mpuzamahanga agenga inyanja, harimo na MARPOL na Ballast Water Management Convention. Aya mategeko ategeka gukumira umwanda no gufata neza amazi ya ballast kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije.